ABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of gamma radiation on levofloxacin. Powder form of levofloxacin was subjected to different radiation doses [25, 50, 75, 100 and 125kGy] of Cobalt-60 source in a Gammacell-220 at a rate of 8.5 Gray/hr. The effect of radiation has been investigated with the aid of different spectroscopic techniques [UV-Vis, FT-IR], scanning electron microscopy [SEM], X-ray diffraction [XRD], and by antibacterial activities. UV data did not reveal significant changes in the structure of levofloxacin which is supported by scanning electron microscopy. However, X-rays diffraction shows a change in crystallinity of levofloxacin to an amorphous structure and this has been reflected on the morphology of this compound as indicated by SEM images. The antibacterial activities, on the other hand, reveal resistance of irradiated levofloxacin against bacteria, where some bacteria were highly affected by the irradiated drug. Similarly, FT-IR data show some changes in the functional groups principal absorption bands, in the IR spectrum, at frequencies 3286, 2846, 1716 and 1620 cm-1 for the O-H stretching band of quinolone, C-H stretching band, and C=O stretching band of carboxylic and pyridine. In addition, new peaks appeared which were not seen in the non-irradiated spectrum. In conclusion, some changes occurred in levofloxacin drug with the passage of radiation but the drug was chemically stable
ABSTRACT
A dimeric naphthoquinone namely dihydrodyspyrole R [1] was purified once more from Diospyros lotus. Dihydrodyspyrole R and chloroform fractions were evaluated for their effects on the reversion of multidrug resistance [MDR]. The compounds [1] and extract exhibited promising MDR reversing effect in a dose-dependent manner against mouse T-lymphoma cell line. Molecular docking of compound 1 revealed the correlation between in-silico with in-vitro results. The molecular docking results showed that compound 1 is bind closely where co-crystal ligand of P-gp is present. But usually, computational investigation predicts that, if a compound gives lesser score then compound will exhibit good activity. Hence, the docking scores of compound 1 are the near to the Rhodamine. It is conclude that there are certain important structural features of compound 1which are responsible for the inhibiting potency of P-gp from mice. The computational Petra/Osiris/Molinspiration [POM] analysis confirms the possibility of use of compound 1 without side effect or less toxicity risks
ABSTRACT
Objective: To observe the diagnostic accuracy of elastography in detecting malignant breast lesion taking strain ratio of 4.8 and histopathology as gold standard
Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, from March to September 2015
Methodology: A total of 137 patients aged 20 to 60 years with clinically palpable breast lump of any size for at least one month duration were included in this study. Patients with purely cystic lesions and those on chemotherapy or hormonal therapy were excluded. Each patient was subjected to sonoelastography followed by ultrasound guided trucut biopsy. The strain ratio cut off value of 4.8 was used to differentiate benign from malignant lesion. Consultant histopathologist's report upon the biopsy specimens was obtained. Results of sonoelastography were compared with histopathology reports
Results: Mean age was 38.20 +/- 10.63 years. The size of the lesion ranged from 2.0 to 6.0 cm, a mean = 3.97 +/- 1.26 cm. The duration since the lump was noticed ranged from 12 weeks [3 months] to 20 weeks [5 months] with a mean of 15.09 +/- 2.56 weeks. Forty-one [29.9%] lesions were labelled malignant on sonoelastography while the actual number of malignant lesions was 35 [25.5%] on histopathology. When the results of sonoelastography were cross-tabulated with histopathology results, the number of TP [true positive], FN [false negative], FP [false positive] and TN [True negative] were 31, 4, 10 and 92 cases, respectively. It yielded 88.57% sensitivity, 90.20% specificity, 75.61% positive predictive value, 95.83% negative predictive value, 89.78% accuracy for sonoelastography in the diagnosis of malignant breast lesion taking histopathology as gold standard with an observed prevalence of malignant breast mass to be 25.55%
Conclusion: Using a strain ratio of 4.8, sonoelastography was found to be 88.57% sensitive, 90.20% specific, and 89.78% accurate in the diagnosis of malignant breast masses
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Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of x-ray chest in interstitial lung disease as confirmed by high resolution computed tomography [HRCT] chest
Study Design: A cross-sectional validational study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Oct 2013 to Apr 2014
Material and Method: A total of 137 patients with clinical suspicion of interstitial lung disease [ILD] aged 20-50 years of both genders were included in the study. Patients with h/o previous histopathological diagnosis, already taking treatment and pregnant females were excluded. All the patients had chest x-ray and then HRCT. The x-ray and HRCT findings were recorded as presence or absence of the ILD
Results: Mean age was 40.21 +/- 4.29 years. Out of 137 patients, 79 [57.66%] were males and 58 [42.34%] were females with male to female ratio of 1.36:1. Chest x-ray detected ILD in 80 [58.39%] patients, out of which, 72 [true positive] had ILD and 8 [false positive] had no ILD on HRCT. Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of chest x-ray in diagnosing ILD was 80.0%, 82.98%, 90.0%, 68.42% and 81.02% respectively
Conclusion: This study concluded that chest x-ray is simple, non-invasive, economical and readily available alternative to HRCT with an acceptable diagnostic accuracy of 81% in the diagnosis of ILD
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging [DWI] and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient [ADC] mapping in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules by taking histopathology as the gold standard
Study Design: A cross-sectional analytical study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Radiology at Combined Military Hospital [CMH], Lahore, from August 2012 to July 2013
Methodology: Thirty-five patients, who were referred to radiology department of CMH, Lahore, for ultrasound or Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology [FNAC] of thyroid gland, fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were included in the study. They were evaluated on 1.5 Tesla MRI machine with T1- and T2-weighted imaging as well as fat suppressed technique. DWI was done using b-values of 0 and 1000 s/mm[2] and ADC values were calculated for the thyroid nodules. All of these patients were subjected to ultrasound guided core biopsy and histopathology results were correlated with ADC values
Results: The benign nodules showed facilitated diffusion while malignant nodules showed restricted diffusion. T-test was used to assess the difference in mean ADC values between benign and malignant nodules. The mean ADC value of the malignant thyroid nodules [0.94 +/- 0.16 x 10[-3] mm[2]/s] was significantly lower than that of the benign thyroid nodules [1.93 +/- 0.13 x 10[-3] mm[2]/s] [p-value < 0.05]. ADC value of 1.6 x 10[-3] mm[2]/s was used as a cut-off, for differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy of DWI and ADC values in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules were 93%, 95%, 93%, 95% and 92.3%, respectively
Conclusion: DWI is a non-invasive diagnostic tool for characterization and differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. It not only decreases the burden of unnecessary surgeries when pre-operative FNAC and biopsy are inconclusive, but is also helpful in reaching a definite diagnosis when a nodule is not amendable to biopsy due to any reason
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To find out the mean eruption age and emergence sequence of permanent Mandibular first molar and central incisor in local population of Lahore, Pakistan. Mandibular first molar and cental incisors are the first permanent teeth that erupt in mouth. The timing of these teeth is useful to determine early or delayed eruption. It also helps in prophylactic measures, as water fluoridation. Useful in pediatric dentistry e.g. as one of the milestone, orthodontic dentistry, for diagnosis of certain growth disturbances. Useful in forensic dentistry for estimation of age, developmental differences and similarities among populations. This study standard may ensure international comparability to assist clinicians. Cross-sectional. This study was conducted at the Department of Oral Biology, KEMU, Lahore from 1[st] March 2010 to 15 January 2011. Four thousand primay school children of both genders aging between 5-9 years were examined. Ethical permission was obtained. Consent was obtained. Emergence of teeth was noted in three anatomical stages. Teeth were noted by two-digit system of FDI [Federation Dentaire Internationale], on Performa, Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 13. in male mean eruption age of Lower Central Incisor was 7.29 years with emergence range of 6.75 - 8.14 years. whereas Lower First Molar was 6.93 years, with range of 6.46-7.93 years. In female mean eruption age of Lower Central Incisor was 6.84 years, with emergence range of 6.08-7.48 years. And of Lower First Molar was 6.87 years, with range of 6.75 - 7.32 years. P-value less than 0.05 was assumed significant. Mandibular central incisor and first molar eruption ages are later in both genders compared to Western standards used in our clinical and basic sciences
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To assess the utility of Computerized Tomographic [CT] scanning of brain in the evaluation of children with delayed milestones. Cross-sectional retrospective study. Department of Radiology, Pakistan Air Force Hospital, Islamabad from April 2007 to September 2009. We retrospectively reviewed the referral forms of CT scanning of brain for evaluation of children with delayed milestones. A total of 48 patients had a CT brain for evaluation of delayed milestones. They were divided into two groups. There were 15 patients in group A, who had significant history and clinical findings. Group B had 33 patients, in whom there was no clue to the etiology of developmental delay. The results of their CT scans of brain were compiled and analyzed. Out of a total of 15 patients in group A, fourteen [93.3%] had an abnormality. Mild cerebral atrophy was seen in 11 patients, two had calcification in basal ganglia and one had leukodystrophy. No abnormality was seen in CT scan of brain in group B patients. CT scanning of brain is useful in reaching a diagnosis of delayed developmental milestones where there are significant historical and abnormal physical findings
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/statistics & numerical data , Developmental Disabilities/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
To assess the utility of Computerized Tomographic [CT] scanning of brain in the evaluation of patients presenting with headache. Cross-sectional retrospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Radiology, Pakistan Air Force Hospital, Islamabad from April 2007 to August 2009. The referral forms of CT scanning of brain for evaluation of headache, available in our radiology department were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups. Group I included those patients who's only presenting complaint was headache while group II patients had other symptoms associated with headache. The results of their CT scans of brain were compiled and analyzed. Out of a total of 829 CT scans of brain 58 were done for evaluation of headache. Twenty four [41%] patients had a CT scan for headache only [group I] and all of them had a normal CT of brain. Rest of the patients had headache with other associated symptoms [group II]. Out of 34 [59%] of group II patients, four [12%] had an abnormality. CT scanning of brain is not useful in the diagnosis of headache in the absence of other associated symptoms and/or signs
ABSTRACT
The study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound in rotator cuff tears and to compare it with MRI. Descriptive study. The study was conducted in the radiology department of Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi from July 2005 to January 2006. Total number of patients was thirty. All of these were above thirty years of age and were referred by clinicians, with shoulder pain for diagnostic workup. Post operative patients were excluded. Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging [MRI] were performed on each patient. Same operator performed ultrasound in all patients. Ultrasound [US] and Magnetic Resonance Imaging [MRI] detected equal number of full thickness tears while two partial thickness tears were missed on US. Hypoechoic defect was the most important primary sign while cortical irregularity and fluid in subacromial and subdeltroid busra were the most important secondary signs on US. US was equally effective to MRI in detection of rotator cuff tears. It should be the primary investigation because of its availability, cost effective and real time evaluation provided significant expertise is developed, as it is highly operator dependent